You can reduce your risk of infection by using condoms correctly every time you have sex. Many women and most men with trichomoniasis have no symptoms, at least not at first. Trichomoniasis signs and symptoms for women include:. Trichomoniasis rarely causes symptoms in men. When men do have signs and symptoms, however, they might include:. See your doctor if you have a foul-smelling vaginal discharge or if you have pain with urination or sexual intercourse. Trichomoniasis is caused by a one-celled protozoan, a type of tiny parasite that travels between people during sexual intercourse.
The incubation period between exposure and infection is unknown, but it's thought to range from four to 28 days. As with other sexually transmitted infections, the only way to prevent trichomoniasis is to abstain from sex.
To lower your risk, use condoms correctly every time you have sex. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. The symptoms of trichomoniasis are similar to those of many other sexually transmitted infections STIs , so it can sometimes be difficult to diagnose. See a GP or go to your local sexual health clinic sometimes called a GUM clinic if you develop any of the symptoms of trichomoniasis or you think you may be infected.
Trichomoniasis can usually be diagnosed after an examination of the genitals and a laboratory test carried out on a swab taken from the vagina or penis. If the test shows you have trichomoniasis, it's important that your current sexual partner and any other recent partners are also tested and treated. Call a sexual health clinic if you need help or advice. Only go to a clinic if you've been told to. Find sexual health clinic contact details.
In women, this parasite mainly infects the vagina and the tube that carries urine out of the body urethra. Often, urethritis is mild and causes only minimal urethral irritation and occasional moisture at the urethral meatus, under the foreskin, or both.
Epididymitis and prostatitis are rare complications. Microscopic examination of vaginal secretions, dipstick tests, or nucleic acid amplification tests NAATs. Trichomoniasis is suspected in women with vaginitis, in men with urethritis, and in their sex partners. Suspicion is high if symptoms persist after patients have been evaluated and treated for other infections such as gonorrhea Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
In women, diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and point of care POC testing. One of the following POC tests may be done:.
Microscopic examination is the simplest method and enables clinicians to test for trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis Bacterial Vaginosis BV Bacterial vaginosis is vaginitis due to a complex alteration of vaginal flora in which lactobacilli decrease and anaerobic pathogens overgrow.
Symptoms include a gray, thin, fishy-smelling vaginal Vaginal secretions are obtained from the posterior fornix. The pH is measured. For the whiff test, the KOH wet mount is checked for a fishy odor, which results from amines produced in trichomonas vaginitis or bacterial vaginosis. The saline wet mount is examined microscopically as soon as possible to detect trichomonads, which can become immotile and more difficult to recognize within minutes after slide preparation.
Trichomonads are pear-shaped with flagella, often motile, and average 7 to 10 micrometers—about the size of white blood cells—but occasionally reach 25 micrometers. If trichomoniasis is present, numerous neutrophils are also present.
Trichomoniasis is also commonly diagnosed by seeing the organism when a Papanicolaou Pap test is done. Alternatively, immunochromographic flow dipstick tests or NAATs, which are available from some laboratories, may be done. In women, these tests are more sensitive than microscopic examination or culture. Culture of urine or urethral swabs is the only validated test for detecting T. In men, microscopy of urine is insensitive, and NAATs and dipstick tests have not been rigorously validated; however, epidemiologic studies suggest that for NAATs, urethral swabs are better than urine.
As with diagnosis of any STD, patients with trichomoniasis should be tested to exclude other common STDs such as gonorrhea and chlamydial infection. Oral metronidazole or tinidazole.
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